Excluding player characters, who is the richest person in the Fallout universe?

There's the obvious answer, Mr House. Being really rich is basically Mr House's thing, alongside being incredibly smart. However there are many factions in Fallout, and Mr House and his robots (Even if he does "win" during New Vegas) are nowhere near the size of factions like the NCR, BoS and the Legion. Is there any evidence supporting another individual (perhaps a faction leader) that rivals Mr House in terms of wealth. Not just in caps but in assets as well.

Surely any BoS Elder could rivals Mr House in term of assets and wealth : technology isn't something cheap, neither are their firepower. But I don't know which Elder is the wealthier.

President Eden?
Caesar?
A BoS leader?
Lucas Simms?

Probably Tennpenny. Guy manages to sail all the way from England, hires a bunch of mercs, takes over an old hotel tower and makes it his own, has an entire team of guys with top shelf guns and armor to protect it, and still somehow has money to throw around.

I would agree with tenpenny personally along side mr house

The single richest person alive must be Robert House. He is the founder of RobCo Industries which produced and sold devices from Pip-Boys to different computer systems and robots we all know. Now he is the most influential person in New Vegas. He also used money and power to gain controlling interests like REPCONN Aerospace and H&H Tools Company in the past before the war. Not to mention Robert's technology to keep him alive for over 200 years.

Obviously there are different kind of wealths: Financial wealth (Money), social wealth (Status), time wealth (Freedom) and physical wealth (Health). Financial wealth is obviously Mr. House, but what about everything else?

Fallout map:

Here is a fan made map (non canon) of the Fallout universe. As you can see, the most of power in the land of old America has three factions, NCR, The Legion and Brotherhood of Steel. I think the one who has the most of land and social influence over others is the ruler of social wealth, these people also has well known reputation in either good or bad way. Three factions are fighting over it, but for now the winning side is NCR, which would make Aaron Kimball with the most of social wealth. The second place is Caesar, aka Edward Sallow and the 3rd place Arthur Maxson (East Coast).

Player characters only:

For now I'm not going to analyze much longer about the time wealth.

And finally, the physical wealth. This might be pretty self-evident. Those who has been infected with Forced Evolutionary Virus, aka Super Mutants. They are immune to disease and radiation and has superhuman strength and endurance. The rapid regeneration of their cells makes them virtually biologically immortal so I think they take the cake on this matter.

Aside from Robert House? Probably the leader of the Crimson Caravan, the person leading the Gun Runners and Caesar(Edward Sallow).

It can only be Rotface get that man a nice pimping hat

My money’s on house.

Yeah, the obvious answer may be Mr House, because of his role as the head of New Vegas, and the centuries of life he has lived through (which means he must have built up a fair amount of money from all of that)

You could maybe also argue the Institute perhaps?

Whilst House does have his securitrons, the Institute has the Synths, and the capacity to make more.
They have the gorillas and other plant life as well.
Oh, and Teleportation too!

If the Institute were somehow willing to "sell off" the Synths for war profiting, I'm sure they could make a lot of money

So, I suppose it depends on what you want to argue. Science or Gambling?

I agree the institute is another good possibility.